The IRENA report on green hydrogen auctions serves as a comprehensive guide for policymakers aiming to support green hydrogen development through auctions. This approach is emerging as a viable means to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors and stimulate market demand for green hydrogen, leveraging auction mechanisms to promote transparent, competitive pricing.
Green hydrogen, produced via renewable electricity-powered electrolysis, holds significant promise for sustainable industrialization. Its potential extends beyond emission reductions, offering economic benefits such as job creation, energy independence, and participation in international green energy markets. However, barriers persist, including high production costs, limited infrastructure, and uncertainty in market demand. IRENA highlights auctions as an effective tool for overcoming these obstacles by ensuring cost-efficient production, supporting innovation, and aligning with national energy strategies.
The auction mechanism supports long-term investments, providing revenue certainty to green hydrogen producers and reducing risks for stakeholders. Auctions can reveal genuine market prices by fostering competition, where producers bid based on their actual production costs. When designed effectively, auctions not only mitigate public support costs but also streamline project selection, ensuring transparency and promoting sector growth. Moreover, the competitive setup encourages innovation as developers strive to minimize costs, though excessive competition might compromise industry sustainability or restrict R&D funding.
The report outlines four auction types to cater to various green hydrogen support needs:
- Supply-side auctions focus on scaling production by allocating support to producers, promoting domestic capacity and export readiness.
- Demand-side auctions stimulate market demand by supporting hydrogen consumers, often aligning with industrial policies targeting sectors like transportation and heavy industry.
- Double-sided auctions simultaneously support both producers and consumers, minimizing price disparities by matching the lowest bids with the highest willingness to pay.
- Joint supply and demand auctions simplify double-sided auctions, facilitating on-site production and consumption consortia.
Policymakers can employ these different types of auctions based on specific objectives, such as reducing emissions, bolstering local industry, or facilitating international trade. Supply-side auctions, for example, are well-suited for countries aiming to increase domestic production, while double-sided auctions benefit regions with strong demand and supply capabilities, reducing mismatches between production and consumption.
In terms of policy objectives, the report recommends designing auctions to meet goals like climate targets, domestic industry support, and energy security. For instance, nations prioritizing economic diversification through green hydrogen exports might focus on supply-side auctions, whereas those aiming for energy self-reliance may favor local industry participation and innovation-driven designs. Each auction type has flexibility for additional objectives, such as promoting system integration with renewable energy sources or supporting hydrogen transport infrastructure.
